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        <h2 id="第十九章XML"><a href="#第十九章XML" class="headerlink" title="第十九章XML"></a>第十九章XML</h2><h3 id="01-xml-基础"><a href="#01-xml-基础" class="headerlink" title="01 xml_基础"></a>01 xml_基础</h3><ul>
<li><p>概念：Extensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>可扩展：标签都是自定义的。 <user>  <student></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>功能</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li><p>存储数据</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>配置文件</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>在网络中传输</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>xml与html的区别</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>xml标签都是自定义的，html标签是预定义。</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>xml的语法严格，html语法松散</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>xml是存储数据的，html是展示数据</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>w3c：World Wide Web Consortium，万维网联盟</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>语法：</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li><p>基本语法：</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>xml文档的后缀名 .xml</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>xml第一行必须定义为文档声明</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>xml文档中有且仅有一个根标签</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>属性值必须使用引号(单双都可)引起来</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>标签必须正确关闭（单标签，自闭和：<hr/>）</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>xml标签名称区分大小写</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>快速入门：代码…        </p>
<ul>
<li>&lt;?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8” ?&gt;<!--版本信息1.0--><br><users><!--根标签--><br><user id='1'><!--自己定义的标签，想写啥 就写啥--><br><name>zhangsan</name><br><age>23</age><br><sex>male</sex>
</user><br><user id='2'><br><name>lisi</name><br><age>24</age><br><sex>female</sex>
</user>
</users><!--
检验xml文档的正确性：
xml可以被所有的浏览器所解析，浏览器中有对应的xml解析引擎
将xml拖拽进浏览器，浏览器不报错，则xml书写正确！
-->
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>组成部分</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li><p>文档声明</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>格式：&lt;?xml 属性列表 ?&gt; （‘?’与‘&lt;’、‘&gt;’之间不能有空格）</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>属性列表：</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>version：版本号，必须的属性（xml第1版就是1.0，1.1版本不向下兼容，主流仍为1.0版）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>encoding：编码方式。告知解析引擎 当前文档使用的字符集，默认值：ISO-8859-1</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>standalone：是否独立</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>yes：文件独立，不依赖其他文件</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>no：文件不独立，依赖其他文件</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>指令(了解)：结合css</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>&lt;?xml-stylesheet type=”text/css” href=”a.css” ?&gt;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>标签：标签名称 自定义</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li><p>规则：</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>名称可以包含字母、数字以及其他的字符 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>名称不能以数字或者标点符号开始 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>名称不能以字母 xml（或者 XML、Xml 等等）开始 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>名称不能包含空格 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>属性：</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>由键值对构成，用引号（单双引号）引起来</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>id属性值唯一</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>文本：</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>CDATA区：在该区域中的数据会被原样展示</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>格式：  &lt;![CDATA[ 数据 ]]&gt;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="02-xml-约束"><a href="#02-xml-约束" class="headerlink" title="02 xml_约束"></a>02 xml_约束</h3><ul>
<li><p>xml_约束概述</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>约束：规定xml文档的书写规则</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>作为框架的使用者(程序员)：</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>能够在xml中引入约束文档</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>能够简单的读懂约束文档</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>分类：</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li><p>DTD：一种简单的约束技术。</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li><p>引入dtd文档到xml文档中</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>内部dtd：将约束规则定义在xml文档中</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>外部dtd：将约束的规则定义在外部的dtd文件中</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>本地：&lt;!DOCTYPE 根标签名 SYSTEM “dtd文件的位置”&gt; ：SYSTEM表示系统本地</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>网络：&lt;!DOCTYPE 根标签名 PUBLIC “dtd文件名字” “dtd文件的位置URL”&gt;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>Schema：一种复杂的约束技术。</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>引入：</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1.填写xml文档的根元素</li>
<li>2.引入xsi前缀.  xmlns:xsi=”<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</a>“</li>
<li>3.引入xsd文件命名空间. xsi:schemaLocation=”<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.itcast.cn/xml">http://www.itcast.cn/xml</a> student.xsd”</li>
<li><p>4.为每一个xsd约束声明一个前缀,作为标识  xmlns=”<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.itcast.cn/xml">http://www.itcast.cn/xml</a>“ </p>
<ul>
<li><students   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.itcast.cn/xml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.itcast.cn/xml  student.xsd"
><student number="heima_0001">
<name>tom</name>
<age>18</age>
<sex>male</sex>
</student>

</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&lt;/students&gt;<br>student.xsd<br>&lt;?xml version=”1.0”?&gt;</p>
<p><xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.itcast.cn/xml"
        xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
        targetNamespace="http://www.itcast.cn/xml" elementFormDefault="qualified"><br>    <xsd:element name="students" type="studentsType"/><br>    <xsd:complexType name="studentsType"><br>        <xsd:sequence><br>            <xsd:element name="student" type="studentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><br>        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;<br>    &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;<br>    <xsd:complexType name="studentType"><br>        <xsd:sequence><br>            <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/><br>            <xsd:element name="age" type="ageType" /><br>            <xsd:element name="sex" type="sexType" /><br>        &lt;/xsd:sequence&gt;<br>        <xsd:attribute name="number" type="numberType" use="required"/><br>    &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt;<br>    <xsd:simpleType name="sexType"><br>        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><br>            <xsd:enumeration value="male"/><br>            <xsd:enumeration value="female"/><br>        &lt;/xsd:restriction&gt;<br>    &lt;/xsd:simpleType&gt;<br>    <xsd:simpleType name="ageType"><br>        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"><br>            <xsd:minInclusive value="0"/><br>            <xsd:maxInclusive value="256"/><br>        &lt;/xsd:restriction&gt;<br>    &lt;/xsd:simpleType&gt;<br>    <xsd:simpleType name="numberType"><br>        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><br>            <xsd:pattern value="heima_\d{4}"/><br>        &lt;/xsd:restriction&gt;<br>    &lt;/xsd:simpleType&gt;<br>&lt;/xsd:schema&gt;<br>application_mvc.xml<br>&lt;?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?&gt;</p>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


<pre><code>&lt;context:annotation-config /&gt;


&lt;context:component-scan base-package=&quot;cn.cisol.mvcdemo&quot;&gt;
    &lt;context:include-filter type=&quot;annotation&quot;
        expression=&quot;org.springframework.stereotype.Controller&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/context:component-scan&gt;


&lt;mvc:annotation-driven /&gt;


&lt;mvc:resources mapping=&quot;/resources/**&quot; location=&quot;/resources/&quot; /&gt;



&lt;bean
    class=&quot;org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver&quot;&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;order&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;mediaTypes&quot;&gt;
        &lt;map&gt;
            &lt;entry key=&quot;json&quot; value=&quot;application/json&quot; /&gt;
            &lt;entry key=&quot;xml&quot; value=&quot;application/xml&quot; /&gt;
            &lt;entry key=&quot;htm&quot; value=&quot;text/html&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;/map&gt;
    &lt;/property&gt;

    &lt;property name=&quot;defaultViews&quot;&gt;
        &lt;list&gt;

            &lt;bean
                class=&quot;org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView&quot;&gt;
            &lt;/bean&gt;
        &lt;/list&gt;
    &lt;/property&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;ignoreAcceptHeader&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;

&lt;bean
    class=&quot;org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver&quot;&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;viewClass&quot;
        value=&quot;org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;prefix&quot; value=&quot;/WEB-INF/jsps/&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;suffix&quot; value=&quot;.jsp&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;



&lt;bean id=&quot;multipartResolver&quot;
    class=&quot;org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver&quot;&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;maxUploadSize&quot; value=&quot;209715200&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;defaultEncoding&quot; value=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;property name=&quot;resolveLazily&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/bean&gt;
</code></pre><p>&lt;/beans&gt;</p>
<pre><code>            -                 xmlns=&quot;http://www.itcast.cn/xml&quot;
            -                 xsi:schemaLocation=&quot;http://www.itcast.cn/xml  student.xsd&quot;&gt;
</code></pre><h3 id="03-xml-解析"><a href="#03-xml-解析" class="headerlink" title="03 xml_解析"></a>03 xml_解析</h3><ul>
<li>解析：操作xml文档，将文档中的数据读取到内存中</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>操作xml文档</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li>解析(读取)：将文档中的数据读取到内存中</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li>写入：将内存中的数据保存到xml文档中。持久化的存储</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>解析xml的方式：</p>
<ul>
<li><ol>
<li><p>DOM：将标记语言文档一次性加载进内存，在内存中形成一颗dom树</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>优点：操作方便，可以对文档进行CRUD的所有操作</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>缺点：占内存</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><ol>
<li><p>SAX：逐行读取，基于事件驱动的。</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li>优点：不占内存。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>缺点：只能读取，不能增删改</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>xml常见的解析器：</p>
<ul>
<li>JAXP：sun公司提供的解析器，支持dom和sax两种思想。</li>
<li>DOM4J：一款非常优秀的解析器。</li>
<li>Jsoup：jsoup 是一款Java 的HTML解析器，可直接解析某个URL地址、HTML文本内容。它提供了一套非常省力的API，可通过DOM，CSS以及类似于jQuery的操作方法来取出和操作数据。</li>
<li>PULL：Android操作系统内置的解析器，sax方式的。</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>Jsoup：jsoup 是一款Java 的HTML解析器，可直接解析某个URL地址、HTML文本内容。它提供了一套非常省力的API，可通过DOM，CSS以及类似于jQuery的操作方法来取出和操作数据。</p>
<ul>
<li><ul>
<li><p>步骤：</p>
<ul>
<li>导入jar包</li>
<li>获取Document对象</li>
<li>获取对应的标签Element对象</li>
<li>获取数据</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li><p>代码：…</p>
<ul>
<li>/**</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Jsoup快速入门<br>*/<br>public class JsoupDemo1 {<br>public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {</p>
<pre><code>//2.获取Document对象，根据xml文档获取
//2.1获取student.xml的path
String path = JsoupDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResource(&quot;student.xml&quot;).getPath();
//2.2解析xml文档，加载文档进内存，获取dom树---&gt;Document
Document document = Jsoup.parse(new File(path), &quot;utf-8&quot;);
//3.获取元素对象 Element
Elements elements = document.getElementsByTag(&quot;name&quot;);
System.out.println(elements.size());
//3.1获取第一个name的Element对象
Element element = elements.get(0);
//3.2获取数据
String name = element.text();
System.out.println(name);
</code></pre><p>}<br>}</p>
<pre><code>- * 对象的使用：

    - 1. Jsoup：工具类，可以解析html或xml文档，返回Document。

        - * parse：解析html或xml文档，返回Document
        - * parse​(File in, String charsetName)：解析xml或html文件的。
        - * parse​(String html)：解析xml或html字符串
        - * parse​(URL url, int timeoutMillis)：通过网络路径获取指定的html或xml的文档对象

    - 2. Document：文档对象，代表内存中的dom树。
    - 3. Elements：元素Element对象的集合，可以当做 ArrayList&lt;Element&gt;来使用。
    - 4. Element：元素对象
    - 5. Node：节点对象

- * 快捷查询方式：

    - 1. selector：选择器

        - * 使用的方法：Elements    select​(String cssQuery)
        - * 语法：参考Selector类中定义的语法

    - 2. XPath：XPath即为XML路径语言，它是一种用来确定XML（标准通用标记语言的子集）文档中某部分位置的语言。

        - * 使用Jsoup的Xpath需要额外导入jar包。
        - * 查询w3cshool参考手册，使用xpath的语法完成查询

    - * 代码：

        - /**
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>XPath查询<br>*/<br>public class JsoupDemo6 {<br>public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, XpathSyntaxErrorException {</p>
<pre><code>//1.获取student.xml的path
String path = JsoupDemo6.class.getClassLoader().getResource(&quot;student.xml&quot;).getPath();
//2.获取Document对象
Document document = Jsoup.parse(new File(path), &quot;utf-8&quot;);

//3.根据document对象，创建JXDocument对象
JXDocument jxDocument = new JXDocument(document);

//4.结合xpath语法查询
//4.1查询所有student标签
List&lt;JXNode&gt; jxNodes = jxDocument.selN(&quot;//student&quot;);
for (JXNode jxNode : jxNodes) &#123;
    System.out.println(jxNode);
&#125;

System.out.println(&quot;--------------------&quot;);

//4.2查询所有student标签下的name标签
List&lt;JXNode&gt; jxNodes2 = jxDocument.selN(&quot;//student/name&quot;);
for (JXNode jxNode : jxNodes2) &#123;
    System.out.println(jxNode);
&#125;

System.out.println(&quot;--------------------&quot;);

//4.3查询student标签下带有id属性的name标签
List&lt;JXNode&gt; jxNodes3 = jxDocument.selN(&quot;//student/name[@id]&quot;);
for (JXNode jxNode : jxNodes3) &#123;
    System.out.println(jxNode);
&#125;
System.out.println(&quot;--------------------&quot;);
//4.4查询student标签下带有id属性的name标签 并且id属性值为itcast

List&lt;JXNode&gt; jxNodes4 = jxDocument.selN(&quot;//student/name[@id=&#39;itcast&#39;]&quot;);
for (JXNode jxNode : jxNodes4) &#123;
    System.out.println(jxNode);
&#125;
</code></pre><p>}</p>
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